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Battle of Dahlen
The Battle of Dahlen was fought on April 23, 1568, between a Dutch rebel army led by Jean de Montigny, Lord of Villers, and a Spanish army commanded by Sancho Dávila y Daza. As a part of William of Orange's planned invasion, the Dutch rebels were trying to conquer the town of Roermond when the arrival of the Spanish force compelled them to withdraw. Dávila pursued the retreating force and inflicted a defeat upon Villers near the small town of Dahlen (today known as Rheindahlen). The survivors of this encounter sought refuge under the walls of Dahlen, where the Spanish infantry finally defeated them. This battle is sometimes considered the official start of the Eighty Years' War.
== Background ==
In 1568, William I of Orange, stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht, and other noblemen dissatisfied with the Spanish rule in the Netherlands, the Geuzen, were determined to expel Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, and his Spanish troops from the country.〔Motley, p. 159.〕 William, based in Dillenburg, designed a triple attack upon the Netherlands by his rebel followers and foreign mercenary forces.〔 An army of Huguenots and Netherlander refugees would attack Artois across the French border; another, under William's brother Louis, would try to raise the province of Friesland in arms against the Spanish; and a third one, under Antoine II de Lalaing, Count of Hoogstraten, would operate in the Meuse-Rhin area.〔
The first force to be put in arms was that of Hoogstraten, though he had to be replaced by Jean de Montigny, Lord of Villers, who crossed the frontier of the Jülich-Cleves County on April 20 accompanied by William II de La Marck, Lord of Lumey,〔 Bentivoglio, p. 62.〕 and in charge of about 3,000 men, both cavalry and infantry,〔 amongst them French Huguenots and German cavalry recently dismissed from Spanish service.〔 Cabrera de Córdoba, p. 483.〕 Villers was expected to raise the country and to take an important city to serve as a base for a large offensive.〔 The city selected was Roermond, a fortified town of considerable size situated at the confluence of the Meuse and Rur rivers.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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